It isn’t normal to have fees exceed the value of the amount being sent. However it is up to the sender to choose the fee, no-one else. Whichever wallet you are using may have ways to suggest fees and different ways to specify fee levels – it is up to you to make sure that you choose a fee you feel is appropriate for the transaction and that will get the transaction confirmed in a timescale that is acceptable to you.
There is no way to claim back transaction fees. Confirmed Bitcoin transactions can’t be undone, reversed or picked apart.
There are cheaper ways to make Bitcoin transactions by using something like the Lightning Network – which can make a series of transactions at low cost off-chain and eventually record the final overall change of balance on the Bitcoin blockchain. But if you are fairly new to Bitcoin, you should probably take your time to thoroughly understand these off-chain systems before using them.
